超声检查是目前鉴别诊断甲状腺相关疾病的首选影像学检查方法。二维灰阶超声和彩色多普勒超声因其操作简便、价格便宜、可重复性强等优点是目前诊断甲状腺相关疾病最常见的检查方法,但也存在其局限性。随着现代应用技术发展,影像学检查技术也不断进步,超声弹性成像、三维成像、超声造影等更多新型影像学检查技术因其可弥补常规超声的缺点,正逐步被应用在临床诊断上。该文对现有甲状腺结节性质判断的主要的超声检查技术及其目前应用进展情况进行综述,为临床上判断甲状腺结节性质提供更多可靠依据,尽量避免不必要的有创检查及手术,同时筛查出恶性甲状腺结节,及早实行相应干预措施。 Ultrasonography is currently the preferred imaging examination method for the differential diagnosis of thyroid related diseases. Two-dimensional gray scale ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasound are the most common examination methods for the diagnosis of thyroid related diseases due to their advantages of simple operation, cheap price and strong reproducibility, but they also have their limitations. With the development of modern application technology, imaging examination technology has been continuously improved. Ultrasound elastography, three-dimensional imaging, contrast-enhanced ultrasound and other new imaging examination techniques have been gradually applied in clinical diagnosis because they can make up for the shortcomings of conventional ultrasound. In this paper, the existing of thyroid nodule properties determine the main ultrasound technology and its current application progress were summarized, and provide more reliable basis for clinical judgment thyroid nodule properties, avoid unnecessary invasive examination and operation, screening out the malignant thyroid nodule at the same time, the corresponding intervention measures as early as possible.
超声影像,甲状腺结节,甲状腺癌, Ultrasonography
Thyroid Nodule
Thyroid Cancer
摘要
Ultrasonography is currently the preferred imaging examination method for the differential diagnosis of thyroid related diseases. Two-dimensional gray scale ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasound are the most common examination methods for the diagnosis of thyroid related diseases due to their advantages of simple operation, cheap price and strong reproducibility, but they also have their limitations. With the development of modern application technology, imaging examination technology has been continuously improved. Ultrasound elastography, three-dimensional imaging, contrast-enhanced ultrasound and other new imaging examination techniques have been gradually applied in clinical diagnosis because they can make up for the shortcomings of conventional ultrasound. In this paper, the existing of thyroid nodule properties determine the main ultrasound technology and its current application progress were summarized, and provide more reliable basis for clinical judgment thyroid nodule properties, avoid unnecessary invasive examination and operation, screening out the malignant thyroid nodule at the same time, the corresponding intervention measures as early as possible.
Keywords:Ultrasonography, Thyroid Nodule, Thyroid Cancer
郑 燕. 超声检查鉴别诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的研究进展Research Progress of Ultrasonography in Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules[J]. 临床医学进展, 2021, 11(02): 633-637. https://doi.org/10.12677/ACM.2021.112092
参考文献References
Dean, D.S. and Gharib, H. (2008) Epidemiology of Thyroid Nodules. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 22, 901-911.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2008.09.019
Lubitz, C., Ali, A., Zhan, T., Heberle, C., White, C., Ito, Y., et al. (2017) The Thyroid Cancer Policy Model: A Mathematical Simulation Model of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in The U.S. Population. PLoS ONE, 12, e0177068.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177068
Shi, L.L., DeSantis, C., Jemal, A. and Chen, A.Y. (2017) Changes in Thyroid Cancer Incidence, Post-2009 American Thyroid Association Guidelines. Laryngoscope, 127, 2437-2441.
https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.26473
Su, J.J., Hui, L.Z., Xi, C.J. and Su, G.Q. (2015) Correlation Analysis of Ultrasonic Characteristics, Pathological Type, and Molecular Markers of Thyroid Nodules. Genetics and Molecular Research, 14, 9-20.
https://doi.org/10.4238/2015.January.15.2
Yuan, W.H., Chiou, H.J., Chou, Y.H., Hsu, H.-C., Tiu, C.-M., Cheng, C.-Y., et al. (2006) Gray-Scale and Color Doppler Ultrasonographic Manifestations of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Analysis of 51 Cases. Clinical Imaging, 30, 394-401.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2006.09.024
Pang, T., Huang, L., Deng, Y., Wang, T., Chen, S., Gong, X., et al. (2017) Logistic Regression Analysis of Conventional Ultrasonography, Strain Elastosonography, and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Characteristics for the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules. PLoS ONE, 12, e0188987.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188987
桂广华, 韩萍, 吴发银, 陈平, 史恒峰, 张林. 64层螺旋CT灌注成像对甲状腺病变的应用价值[J]. 临床放射学杂志, 2013, 32(1): 52-55.
沈娟. 彩色多普勒超声在甲状腺良恶性结节临床鉴别诊断中的应用价值[J]. 影像研究与医学应用, 2019, 3(22): 146-147.
史策, 彭格红. 甲状腺结节的超声诊断研究进展[J]. 实用医学影像杂志, 2015, 16(4): 349-352.
李贞颖, 刘俊英, 崔广和. 实时剪切波弹性成像在甲状腺疾病诊断中的应用[J]. 临床医学研究与实践, 2018, 3(1): 192-193.
罗葆明, 欧冰, 智慧, 曾婕, 杨海云. 改良超声弹性成像评分标准在乳腺肿块鉴别诊断中的价值[J]. 现代临床医学生物工程学杂志, 2006(5): 396-398.
高琼, 席雪华, 汤珈嘉, 王琳萍, 高璐滢, 赖兴建, 张波, 姜玉新. 应变力与剪切波弹性成像诊断甲状腺结节的价值比较[J]. 医学研究杂志, 2020, 49(5):83-87.
王雷, 柳标, 潘辑, 张灵艳, 徐韶华. 实时剪切波弹性成像技术在甲状腺恶性肿瘤中的应用诊断价值探讨[J]. 影像研究与医学应用, 2020, 4(9):44-46.
Femandez, U., Aguilar, A. and Pardi, S. (2004) Three-Dimensional Ultrasound in Small Parts: Is It Just a Nice Picture? Ultrasound Quarterly, 20, 119-125.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00013644-200409000-00006
江泉, 杜联芳, 赵玉华, 张渊, 张婉莹, 陈剑, 何竹. 实时三维成像对甲状腺血管空间结构的初步研究[J]. 临床超声医学杂志, 2012, 14(7): 498-499.
徐甫, 肖仕琪, 邱华文, 黄清南, 郭文涛, 何涛君. 三维超声成像在甲状腺复杂结节定性诊断的价值与细针穿刺组织活检对比[J]. 中国医疗前沿, 2012, 7(11): 62-63.
左恒玲, 余小琴, 王俊芳, 陈金华. 超声造影和超声弹性成像诊断甲状腺良恶性结节的价值分析[J]. 现代医院, 2019, 19(1): 134-136.
汪航, 朱云开, 钟芙蓉, 管文斌, 陈亚青. 超声造影技术在甲状腺影像报告和数据系统中的作用研究[J]. 肿瘤预防与治疗, 2020, 33(11): 855-859.