爱德华•P•汤普森在其英国劳工史与18世纪大众文化史研究中形成了“文化主义”范式。在20世纪30~40年代英国马克思主义学术文化发展的熏陶和战后英国新左派运动兴起的时代学术文化条件与社会主义人道主义历史观的指导下,他独创性地开拓了英国工人阶级历史的“阶级经验”与“阶级意识”的观点,在对葛兰西“霸权”思想进一步阐发的基础上研究18世纪英国社会文化史,开创了“平民——贵族”文化史解释模式,从而构成了其“文化主义”史学范式的两大重要体现。其“文化主义”范式以坚持马克思主义生产方式分析、“自下而上”与“人民历史”及阶级斗争历史分析方法为内涵。“文化主义”范式影响着60~70年代英国新左派理论与实践、新社会史的历史书写的新突破和文化研究的发展,亦是对战后英国“丰裕社会”、文化上“无阶级”感到来的一种回应,而且一定程度上影响着20世纪后半期英国新史学相关领域的“文化主义”的取向与路径。 Edward P. Thompson formed the “culturalism” paradigm in his research on the history of British labor and the history of popular culture in the 18th century. Under the influence of the develop-ment of British Marxist academic culture in the 1930s and 1940s, the academic and cultural condi-tions of the era when the British New Left movement emerged after the war, and the guidance of the socialist humanitarian historical concept, he creatively pioneered the history of the British working class. The viewpoints of “class experience” and “class consciousness”, based on the further elucida-tion of Gramsci’s “hegemony” thought, studied the British social and cultural history in the 18th century, and created the “civilian-aristocratic” cultural history interpretation model, which consti-tuted two important manifestations of its “culturalism” historical paradigm. Its “culturalism” para-digm is connoted with adherence to Marxist mode of production analysis, “bottom-up” and “people’s history” and class struggle historical analysis methods. Also, to a certain extent, it influenced the theory and practice of the British New Left in the 1960s and 1970s, the new breakthroughs in the historical writing of the new social history and the development of cultural studies, besides it is also a response to the post-war British “abundant society” and cultural “classless”, and to a certain ex-tent it influenced the “culturalism” orientation in the relevant fields of British new history in the second half of the 20th century.
E. P.汤普森,“文化主义”,渊源,表现,影响, E. P. Thompson
“Culturalism”
Origin
Performance
Influence
摘要
Edward P. Thompson formed the “culturalism” paradigm in his research on the history of British labor and the history of popular culture in the 18th century. Under the influence of the development of British Marxist academic culture in the 1930s and 1940s, the academic and cultural conditions of the era when the British New Left movement emerged after the war, and the guidance of the socialist humanitarian historical concept, he creatively pioneered the history of the British working class. The viewpoints of “class experience” and “class consciousness”, based on the further elucidation of Gramsci’s “hegemony” thought, studied the British social and cultural history in the 18th century, and created the “civilian-aristocratic” cultural history interpretation model, which constituted two important manifestations of its “culturalism” historical paradigm. Its “culturalism” paradigm is connoted with adherence to Marxist mode of production analysis, “bottom-up” and “people’s history” and class struggle historical analysis methods. Also, to a certain extent, it influenced the theory and practice of the British New Left in the 1960s and 1970s, the new breakthroughs in the historical writing of the new social history and the development of cultural studies, besides it is also a response to the post-war British “abundant society” and cultural “classless”, and to a certain extent it influenced the “culturalism” orientation in the relevant fields of British new history in the second half of the 20th century.
Keywords:E. P. Thompson, “Culturalism”, Origin, Performance, Influence
范莉莉. E. P.汤普森史学研究的“文化主义”范式的渊源、表现及影响The Origin, Manifestations and Influence of the “Culturalism” in E. P. Thompson’s Historical Studies[J]. 历史学研究, 2021, 09(02): 9-20. https://doi.org/10.12677/OJHS.2021.92002
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