随着体育事业的发展和竞技水平的提高,体育竞技的要求不断提高,随之而来的是难以避免的越来越多的运动损伤。运动员的损伤机制复杂,且受到多种因素的影响,如竞技项目、性别、继发及二次损伤、负荷与训练、比赛与赛事级别等。对运动员运动损伤的康复治疗,需要多学科综合和个性化的康复计划,同时还需注重心理指导和损伤预防。本文聚焦运动员损伤的影响因素及康复治疗现状,梳理文献报道,总结其发展趋势,以期为运动员的康复提供更加个性化、综合化和科技化的指导。 With the development of sports and the improvement of competitive level, the requirements of sports competition are constantly increasing, and with it, more and more sports injuries are inev-itable. Athletes’ injury mechanisms are complex and affected by multiple factors, such as competi-tive events, gender, secondary and secondary injuries, load and training, competition and event lev-el, etc. Rehabilitation treatment for sports injuries in athletes requires a multidisciplinary, compre-hensive and personalized rehabilitation plan, while also focusing on psychological guidance and in-jury prevention. This article focuses on the influencing factors of athletes’ injuries and the current status of rehabilitation treatment, combs through literature reports, and summarizes their devel-opment trends, with a view to providing more personalized, comprehensive and technological guidance for athletes’ rehabilitation.
运动员,运动损伤,康复,运动损伤原因, Athletes
Sports Injuries
Rehabilitation
Causes of Sports Injuries
摘要
With the development of sports and the improvement of competitive level, the requirements of sports competition are constantly increasing, and with it, more and more sports injuries are inevitable. Athletes’ injury mechanisms are complex and affected by multiple factors, such as competitive events, gender, secondary and secondary injuries, load and training, competition and event level, etc. Rehabilitation treatment for sports injuries in athletes requires a multidisciplinary, comprehensive and personalized rehabilitation plan, while also focusing on psychological guidance and injury prevention. This article focuses on the influencing factors of athletes’ injuries and the current status of rehabilitation treatment, combs through literature reports, and summarizes their development trends, with a view to providing more personalized, comprehensive and technological guidance for athletes’ rehabilitation.
Keywords:Athletes, Sports Injuries, Rehabilitation, Causes of Sports Injuries
陈淑琴,刘 刚,吴芮仁,汪 伍. 运动员损伤的影响因素及康复策略研究Research on Influencing Factors and Rehabilitation Strategies of Athletes’ Injuries[J]. 体育科学进展, 2024, 12(01): 43-49. https://doi.org/10.12677/APS.2024.121008
参考文献References
Tu, S.J., Jin, C., Chen, B.T., et al. (2022) Study on the Fusion of Sports and Medicine in China from 2012 to 2021: A Bibliometric Analysis via CiteSpace. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, Article ID: 939557.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.939557
周苏坡, 袁鹏. 职业女子篮球运动员联赛准备期损伤特征调查研究——以江苏女子篮球运动员为例[J]. 体育科研, 2019, 40(3): 86-92.
梅宇, 蒋艳芳, 敖英芳. 高水平运动员重大运动伤病特征分析[J]. 中国运动医学杂志, 2018, 37(6): 510-514.
https://doi.org/10.16038/J.1000-6710.2018.06.009
Loftis, K.L., Price, J. and Gillich, P.J. (2018) Evolution of the Abbreviated Injury Scale: 1990-2015. Traffic Injury Prevention, 19, S109-S113.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2018.1512747
李浩然, 王佳宁, 陈泓宇, 等. 北京冬奥会近地医院救治滑雪运动员膝关节急性损伤情况分析[J]. 陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 51(5): 84-90.
https://doi.org/10.15983/j.cnki.jsnu.2023301
Manley, G., Gardner, A.J., Schneider, K.J., et al. (2017) A Systematic Review of Potential Long-Term Effects of Sport-Related Concussion. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51, 969-977.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097791
Szymski, D., Achenbach, L., Zellner, J., et al. (2022) Higher Risk of ACL Rupture in Amateur Football Compared to Professional Football: 5-Year Results of the “Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Registry in German Football”. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 30, 1776-1785.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-021-06737-y
Clifton, D.R., Onate, J.A., Hertel, J., et al. (2018) The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Boys’ Basketball (2005-2006 through 2013-2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Men’s Basketball (2004-2005 through 2013-2014). Journal of Athletic Training, 53, 1025-1036.
https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-148-17
Nielsen, R.O., Buist, I., Sørensen, H., et al. (2012) Training Errors and Running Related Injuries: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 7, 58-75.
刘宏炜, 李建军, 杨明亮, 张鑫, 申敏鑫, 高峰, 秦川. 冬奥会/冬青奥会运动损伤资料分析[J]. 中国康复理论与实践, 2020, 26(10): 1209-1216.
李佳亮, 李淑嫒, 郭玉石. 我国棒球运动损伤研究进展[J]. 安徽体育科技, 2021, 42(5): 61-64+91.
黄先斐. 我国优秀男子佩剑运动员运动损伤特征——以国家男子佩剑队为例[J]. 文体用品与科技, 2023(8): 135-137.
黄振华. 散打运动员急性运动损伤的原因及预防[J]. 搏击(武术科学), 2011, 8(6): 66-68.
https://doi.org/10.13293/j.cnki.wskx.003216
Takahashi, S., Nagano, Y., Ito, W., et al. (2019) A Retrospective Study of Mechanisms of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in High School Basketball, Handball, Judo, Soccer, and Volleyball. Medicine (Baltimore), 98, e16030.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000016030
姚天奇, 王烁, 谢思源, 等. 不同位置优秀U17男子足球运动员躯干与下肢力量特征及损伤风险分析[J]. 中国运动医学杂志, 2020, 39(12): 917-923.
https://doi.org/10.16038/j.1000-6710.2020.12.001
Prodromos, C.C., Han, Y., Rogowski, J., et al. (2007) A Meta-Analysis of the Incidence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears as a Function of Gender, Sport, and a Knee Injury-Reduction Regimen. Arthroscopy, 23, 1320-1325.e6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2007.07.003
Beynnon, B.D., Hall, J.S., Sturnick, D.R., et al. (2014) Increased Slope of the Lateral Tibial Plateau Subchondral Bone Is Associated with Greater Risk of Noncontact ACL Injury in Females but Not in Males: A Prospective Cohort Study with a Nested, Matched Case-Control Analysis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 42, 1039-1048.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546514523721
Kaplan, Y. and Witvrouw, E. (2019) When Is It Safe to Return to Sport after ACL Reconstruction? Reviewing the Criteria. Sports Health, 11, 301-305.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738119846502
Wiggins, A.J., Grandhi, R.K., Schneider, D.K., et al. (2016) Risk of Secondary Injury in Younger Athletes after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 44, 1861-1876.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546515621554
Zemková, E., Kováčiková, Z. and Zapletalová, L. (2020) Is There a Relationship between Workload and Occurrence of Back Pain and Back Injuries in Athletes? Frontiers in Physiology, 11, Article No. 894.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00894
Seehusen, C.N., Howell, D.R., Potter, M.N., et al. (2023) Athlete Burnout Is Associated with Perceived Likelihood of Future Injury among Healthy Adolescent Athletes. Clinical Pediatrics (Phila), 62, 1269-1276.
https://doi.org/10.1177/00099228231159085
Dupont, G., Nedelec, M., McCall, A., et al. (2010) Effect of 2 Soccer Matches in a Week on Physical Performance and Injury Rate. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 38, 1752-1758.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510361236
De Ste Croix, M.B., Priestley, A.M., Lloyd, R.S., et al. (2015) ACL Injury Risk in Elite Female Youth Soccer: Changes in Neuromuscular Control of the Knee Following Soccer-Specific Fatigue. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 25, e531-e538.
https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12355
Gabbett, T.J. (2016) The Training-Injury Prevention Paradox: Should Athletes Be Training Smarter and Harder? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50, 273-280.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095788
Morton, R.H. (1997) Modeling Training and Overtraining. Journal of Sports Sciences, 15, 335-340.
https://doi.org/10.1080/026404197367344
杨渝平, 孔思敏, 邓佳良, 等. 休闲滑雪者和滑雪运动员急性运动损伤的比较[J]. 北京大学学报(医学版), 2021, 53(5): 838-842.
https://doi.org/10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2021.05.005
Guermont, H., Le Van, P., Marcelli, C., et al. (2021) Epidemiology of Injuries in Elite Badminton Players: A Prospective Study. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 31, E473-E475.
https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000848
Kroshus, E., Utter, A.C., Pierpoint, L.A., et al. (2018) The First Decade of Web-Based Sports Injury Surveillance: Descriptive Epidemiology of Injuries in US High School Boys’ Wrestling (2005-2006 through 2013-2014) and National Collegiate Athletic Association Men’s Wrestling (2004-2005 through 2013-2014). Journal of Athletic Training, 53, 1143-1155.
https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-154-17
Nose-Ogura, S., Yoshino, O., Dohi, M., et al. (2019) Risk Factors of Stress Fractures Due to the Female Athlete Triad: Differences in Teens and Twenties. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 29, 1501-1510.
https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13464
Quatman-Yates, C.C., Quatman, C.E., Meszaros, A.J., et al. (2012) A Systematic Review of Sensorimotor Function During Adolescence: A Developmental Stage of Increased Motor Awkwardness? British Journal of Sports Medicine, 46, 649-655.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.079616
Swain, M., Kamper, S.J., Maher, C.G., et al. (2018) Relationship between Growth, Maturation and Musculoskeletal Conditions in Adolescents: A Systematic Review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52, 1246-1252.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098418
印钰, 王琪, 孟令宇, 等. 冬季项目运动员膝关节运动损伤术后功能恢复进程及重返赛场分析[J]. 科技导报, 2022, 40(2): 65-70.
Everhart, J.S., Best, T.M. and Flanigan, D.C. (2015) Psychological Predictors of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 23, 752-762.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-013-2699-1
张美颖. 冬季项目运动系统损伤的个性化康复方案及应用[J]. 科技导报, 2022, 40(2): 53-58.
Johnson, J.L., Capin, J.J., Arundale, A., et al. (2020) A Secondary Injury Prevention Program May Decrease Contralateral Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Female Athletes: 2-Year Injury Rates in the ACL-SPORTS Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 50, 523-530.
https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2020.9407
Axe, M., Hurd, W. and Snyder-Mackler, L. (2009) Data-Based Interval Throwing Programs for Baseball Players. Sports Health, 1, 145-153.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738108331198