发动机积碳增多将使其燃烧不充分、运行不良，影响汽车的经济性能。机械清除法虽然能清除积碳，但对发动机零件存在损伤，因此燃油添加剂成为降低积碳的有效手段。本研究通过台架试验测试一种油路积碳清洗剂对小排量发动机经济性的影响，结果表明：发动机负荷特性试验：加入添加剂后油耗量平均值降幅为10.14%；油耗率平均值降幅为5.17%。发动机速度特性试验：800~2600 rpm常用转速下，20%的节气门开度，加入添加剂后油耗量平均值降幅为7.46%；油耗率平均值降幅为2.18%。50%的节气门开度，油耗量平均值降幅为6.80%；油耗率平均值降幅为3.38%。发动机循环工况试验：加入添加剂后油耗量平均值降幅为9.31%；油耗率平均值降幅为6.31%。发动机双怠速工况试验：加入添加剂后油耗量平均值降幅为8.70%；油耗率平均值降幅为8.99%。试验的油路积碳清洗剂对小排量发动机的经济性提升明显，油耗量平均降幅在6.80%~10.14%之间，油耗率平均降幅在2.18%~8.99%之间。

积碳清洗剂，发动机经济性，发动机测控仪

Ji Gong, Wei Liang, Liuqing Lu, Yi Fan^*

Nanning Engineering Technology Research Center for Power Transmission System of New Energy Vehicle, College of Traffic and Transportation, Nanning University, Nanning Guangxi

Received: Mar. 17^th, 2024; accepted: Apr. 11^th, 2024; published: Apr. 18^th, 2024

The increase of carbon deposition in the engine will result in incomplete combustion and poor operation, which will affect the automobile economy. Although the mechanical cleaning method can remove carbon deposition, it does harm to engine parts, making fuel additives an effective means of reducing carbon deposition. In this study, the influence of an oil carbon deposition cleaning agent on the economy of small displacement engines was tested through bench test. The results showed that in the engine load characteristic test, the average fuel consumption decreased by 10.14% after adding additives, and the average fuel consumption rate decreased by 5.17%. The engine speed characteristic test was conducted at the common speed of 800~2600 rpm, with 20% throttle opening. The average fuel consumption decreased by 7.46% after adding additives, and the average fuel consumption rate decreased by 2.18%. When the throttle opening is 50%, the average fuel consumption decreased by 6.80% and the average fuel consumption rate decreased by 3.38%. In the engine cycle test, after adding additives, the average fuel consumption decreased by 9.31% and the average fuel consumption rate decreased by 6.31%. In the engine dual idle condition test, the average fuel consumption decreased by 8.70% after adding additives and the average fuel consumption rate decreased by 8.99%. The experimental oil carbon deposition cleaning agent has obviously improved the economy of small displacement engines, with the average decrease in fuel consumption ranging from 6.80% to 10.14% and the average decrease of fuel consumption ranging from 2.18% to 8.99%.

Keywords:Carbon Deposition Cleaning Agents, Engine Economy, Engine Measurement and Control Instrument

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This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).

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发动机运行过程中存在不完全燃烧或燃烧不完全的情况，发动机运行时间增长，积碳将随之增多 [ 1 ] 。消除积碳可以提升发动机动力性能来降低油耗，改善燃油经济性 [ 2 ] 。常见的积碳清除方法分为两大类：机械清除法 [ 3 ] [ 4 ] 、化学清洗法 [ 5 ] 。机械清除法需要将发动机零部件拆解后，用机械刀具对零部件表面进行物理刮除 [ 3 ] ，对零件基体及表面存在潜在损伤。因此，化学清洗法成为研究的热点 [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] ，油路积碳清洗剂是较好的方式之一，它也是一种燃油添加剂 [ 8 ] 。燃油添加剂对于在用车辆的排气污染物降低具有较好的效果，但在燃油经济性方面的效果有待评价 [ 9 ] ；孟庆泉等人在船舶发动机上进行了长期实验，燃油添加剂与燃油的比值1 L:14.6 t的情况下，试验船相对省油1.4% [ 10 ] 。但不同的燃油添加剂对发动机性能的影响有所不同，部分添加剂对发动机零件存在腐蚀、效果不明等问题 [ 11 ] ，因此寻求合适的油路积碳清洗剂，并进行直观评价是研究的重点，本研究通过试验手段测试一种积碳清洗剂对发动机性能的影响，以期为实际使用提供实践应用基础。