<xref></xref>Table 2. Situation of critical thinking skills in student feedbackTable 2. Situation of critical thinking skills in student feedback 表2. 学生反馈中思辨技能的表现情况
思辨技能(247, 57.0%)
分析技能(128, 51.8%)
推理技能(77, 31.2%)
评价技能(42, 17.0%)
合作对话过程对学生的思辨认知标准的培养也起关键作用。认知标准包括认知的精晰性、相关性、逻辑性、深刻性和灵活性。例如,“一位同学认为将变量的两个方面分别进行讨论是一个创新点,老师不认为这是一个创新点。我后来又查了Lee and Drajati (2019)和Lee and Hsieh (2019)的文章……其采用的定义也是Grit is defined as ‘perseverance and passion for long-term goals’,这两篇文章都对‘grit’这个变量进行了总体的测量,而我们组会上讨论的文章针对‘grit’的两个方面分别测量,所以我认为这可以算为一个创新点。”以上是其中一名学生的反思日志内容,在组会互动中,师生或同伴之间会产生分歧,如果某个问题没有被确切地解决,学生会主动查阅资料进行推理,并判断对话中师生产生的结论是否正确,在总结之后再在组会中反馈。这反映出合作对话能够培养学生的认知精确性、逻辑性和灵活性;还有学生表述“前几次组会只是对于文章一些句子不理解,后来就是我开始关注文章的前后文的结构,然后就开始思考一下他这个逻辑性合不合理。”这名学生在最初的组会讨论中倾向于关注对句子含义的理解,但随着组会的不断开展,学生在合作对话中开始转向了学术研究的逻辑性和结构的严谨性。
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